Learn lecture notes biochemistry metabolism with free interactive flashcards. Useful notes on carbohydrate metabolism and glycolysis. The molecule is a disaccharide composed of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. This enzyme splits the carboncarbon bond and is related to pyruvate dehydrogenase. During the digestion of carbohydrate polymers, most oligosaccharides 210. Explain the role of carbohydrates in energy metabolism. Given a fischer projection of a monosaccharide, classify it as either aldoses or ketoses. Any discussion of carbohydrate metabolism focuses on the synthesis and usage of glucose, a major fuel for most organisms. You are not required to learn the chemical structures shown in the lectures. For the most part, cells break down carbohydrates by similar metabolic pathways whether they are plant cells, animal cells, or bacterial cells. Carbohydrate metabolism questions practice khan academy. The nutr 400 lectures focus on chemical structurechemical properties, s.
I have scanned all the pages and made it into 1 pdf. For example, as calculated from thermodynamic data, the degradation of glucose to two lactate molecules proceeds with the release of free energy according to. These lecture notes, and the accompanying slides, are intended for teaching human metabolism. Significant amounts of energy in the form of atp can be extracted from acetyl coa by the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system.
Carbohydrate metabolism an overview sciencedirect topics. Metabolism lecture notes watcut university of waterloo. Understand how coenzymea is used to transfer acyl groups. Lecture 19 24 metabolism of carbohydrate introduction carbohydrates are major sources of energy for living organisms. Plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water through photosynthesis, allowing them to store energy absorbed from sunlight internally. Carbohydrates are a class of nutrients that includes sugars, starches, fi bers, and related molecules such as glycosaminoglycans, amino sugars, and more. Glycolysis spring 2016notes from chemistry b at san jose state university.
They focus on the biochemical pathways that we find in humans, and they also take into account some physiological and clinical aspects. Lecture 6 carbohydrate metabolism botany notes edurev. All the reaction steps take place in the cytoplasm. Major index which describes metabolism of carbohydrates, is a sugar level in blood. Lecture 10 nutrition and metabolism slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Virtually every step of metabolic pathway is catalyzed.
Metabolism with clinical correlations carbohydrate metabolism. Carbohydrate metabolism polysaccharides, starch synthesis and turnover, fructans. Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharide units linked together by a covalent bond e. Significant amounts of energy in the form of atp can be extracted from acetylcoa by the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system. It is wasteful to have all 2000 metabolic pathways on at the same time. Lecture 10 nutrition and metabolism linkedin slideshare. Principal metabolic pathways of intermediary metabolism.
We have concluded the intro to metabolism sections. The complete catabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat for energy occurs. Key differences in covalent bonding make some carbohydrates more digestible than others. Define the terms metabolism, metabolic pathway, catabolism, and anabolism. Metabolism lecture 6 glycogen metabolism restricted for students enrolled in mcb102, uc berkeley, spring 2008 only glycogen glycolysis starts from glycogen, which is a polymer of glucose that is linked together by. Uc berkeley, spring 2008 only step 4 aketoqlutarate dehvdroqenase. Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomacromolecules on the earth. Given a fischer projection of a monosaccharide, classify it by the number of carbons it contains. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
Simple fats are called neutral fats and consist primarily of triglycerides 95% of body fat is triglycerides. This is part 2 these are the notes i personally wrote out each week after a lecture was given. The purpose of todays lecture is to discuss the biosynthesis and metabolism of oligo and polysaccharides, particularly sucrose and starch, and the interaction of key points of carbohydrate metabolism with other major metabolic pathways in plants. Understand how atp is formed from adp and inorganic phosphate p i, and vice versa. Carbohydrate metabolism lecture questions proprofs quiz. Define and identify disaccharide carbohydrate structures. As you sit in your next class, your body continues to break down and extract glucose. Photosynthesis, a process in which light energy is captured to drive carbohydrate synthesis, is described in chapter. Study questions are available on the course web site. The notes include pictures from the lecturetextbook alongside the text to further help understand the concepts better.
The central pathway, glycolysis, found in most cells is outlined in figure 102. They are commonly known as sugars because most of them have a sweet taste. Metabolic biochemistry notes glycogen 1,2,3 lecture 7 lecture notes, lecture week 2 enzyme kinetics and regulation metab 2017 wk3 full lecture bioenergetics black text week 3 enzyme kinetics notes metabolic biochemistry week 4 glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. I had split these notes into 2 parts, because studentvip couldnt take it. In fact the brain largely depends upon carbohydrate metabolism as a source of. Glycogen is a form of storage for glucose in vertebrates o which is synthesized by a term known as glycogenesis when glucose levels are high they are degraded by glycogenolysis is used when glucose is in short supply o when glucose is synthesized from. The chief source of carbohydrate in human food is starch, which is the storage form of glucose in plants. Ppt carbohydrates lecture 3 powerpoint presentation. Fats are very similar to carbohydrates in terms of constituents, but the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is considerably higher stearin c 57 h 110 o 6. Metabolism lecture 9 citric acid cyclefatty acid catabolism restricted for students enrolled in mcb102.
In healthy people it is 4,46,6 mmoll 70110 mgdl sucrose is the organic compound commonly known as table sugar and sometimes called saccharose. Objectives by the end of lecture the student should. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon, structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and. High free fatty acids are a hallmark of metabolic syndrome, a common precondition of type ii diabetes. Chemistry 108 chapter 12 lecture notes carbohydrates 1 chapter 12 lecture notes. Carbohydrate metabolism is the whole of the biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms carbohydrates are central to many essential metabolic pathways. Choose from 500 different sets of lecture notes biochemistry metabolism flashcards on quizlet. All carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon and they contain c, h and o. As seen before in carbohydrate metabolism slides 7.
Universality of pathways much intermediary metabolism is widely shared throughout life. Carbohydrates lecture 3 1 carbohydrates lecture 3 2 objectives. Chapter 7 notes 5 classes of carbohydrates monosaccharides contain a single polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone unit saccharo is greek for sugar e. The pathways of carbohydrate metabolism conform to the principles of thermodynamics chapter 10. Carbohydrate metabolism fundamentals of biochemistry. Given a fischer projection of a monosaccharide, identify it as a dsugar or lsugar. Introduction to nutritional biochemistry spring 2014. Know the difference between complex and simple carbohydrates and the amounts of each recommended in the daily diet. Mention types, causes, and manifestation of lipoprotein disorders. The notes, and the corresponding slides, are also freely available in pdf and powerpoint formats. Lecture notes student projects general biology bio 1114 lecture notes to view lecture notes, choose a format msword or adobe acrobat and left click on word or pdf next to the document you wish to open. High circulating fatty acids chronically cause modified phosphorylation on the intracellular domain of the insulin receptor, with reduced pi3k and reduced glut4 activity.
Chemically all carbohydrates are polyhydroxy contain many hydroxyl, oh, groups aldehydes or ketones. Carbohydrates biochemistry short notes easy biology class. Carbohydrates are a class of nutrients that includes sugars. During exponential growth all cellular components are synthesized at constant.